Ch8 Test Bank

b. The likelihood for any individual estimation of a constant irregular variable is zero, yet for discrete arbitrary factors it isn't. c. Likelihood for constant arbitrary factors implies finding the zone under a bend, while for discrete irregular factors it implies adding singular probabilities. d. These decisions are valid. ANS:DPTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 2. Which of coming up next is in every case valid for all likelihood thickness elements of consistent irregular factors? a. The likelihood at any single point is zero. b. They contain an uncountable number of potential qualities. c. The absolute region under the thickness work f(x) approaches 1. d. These decisions are valid. ANS:DPTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 3. Assume f(x) = 0. 25. What scope of potential qualities would x be able to take on and still have the thickness work be real? a. [0, 4] b. [4, 8] c. [? 2, +2] d. These decisions are valid. ANS:DPTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 4. The likelihood thickness work, f(x), for any consistent irregular variable X, speaks to: a. ll potential qualities that X will accept inside some stretch a ? x ? b. b. the likelihood that X takes on a particular worth x. c. the stature of the thickness work at x. d. None of these decisions. ANS:CPTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 5. Which of coming up next is valid about f(x) when X has a uniform appropriation over the span [a, b]? a. The estimations of f(x) are diverse for different estimations of the irregular variable X. b. f(x) rises to one for every conceivable estimation of X. c. f(x) rises to one separated by the length of the stretch from a to b. d. None of these decisions. ANS:CPTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 6. The likelihood thickness work f(x) for a uniform arbitrary variable X characterized over the span [2, 10] is a. 0. 125 b. 8 c. 6 d. None of these decisions. ANS:APTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 7. On the off chance that the arbitrary variable X has a uniform dispersion somewhere in the range of 40 and 50, at that point P(35 ? X ? 45) is: a. 1. 0 b. 0. 5 c. 0. 1 d. unclear. ANS:BPTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 8. The likelihood thickness work f(x) of an arbitrary variable X that has a uniform conveyance among an and b is a. (b + a)/2 b. 1/b ? 1/a c. (a ? b)/2 d. None of these decisions. ANS:DPTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 9. Which of the accompanying doesn't speak to a constant uniform arbitrary variable? . f(x) = 1/2 for x between ? 1 and 1, comprehensive. b. f(x) = 10 for x somewhere in the range of 0 and 1/10, comprehensive. c. f(x) = 1/3 for x = 4, 5, 6. d. None of these decisions speaks to a ceaseless uniform arbitrary variable. ANS:CPTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 10. Assume f(x) = 1/4 over the range a ? x ? b, and a ssume P(X 4) = 1/2. What are the qualities for an and b? a. 0 and 4 b. 2 and 6 c. Can be any scope of x esteems whose length (b ? an) approaches 4. d. Can't reply with the data given. ANS:BPTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 11. What is the state of the likelihood thickness work for a uniform arbitrary variable on the stretch [a, b]? a. A square shape whose X esteems go from a to b. b. A straight line whose stature is 1/(b ? an) over the range [a, b]. c. A constant likelihood thickness work with a similar estimation of f(x) from a to b. d. These decisions are valid. ANS:DPTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 TRUE/FALSE 12. A persistent likelihood dispersion speaks to an arbitrary variable having an interminable number of results which may expect any number of qualities inside a stretch. ANS:TPTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 13. Consistent likelihood disseminations depict probabilities related with irregular factors that can accept any limited number of qualities along a span. ANS:FPTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 14. A ceaseless irregular variable is one that can expect an uncountable number of qualities. ANS:TPTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 15. Since there is an unbounded number of qualities a ceaseless arbitrary variable can accept, the likelihood of every individual worth is for all intents and purposes 0. ANS:TPTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 16. A ceaseless irregular variable X has a uniform appropriation somewhere in the range of 10 and 20 (comprehensive), at that point the likelihood that X falls somewhere in the range of 12 and 15 is 0. 30. ANS:TPTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 17. A ceaseless arbitrary variable X has a uniform circulation somewhere in the range of 5 and 15 (comprehensive), at that point the likelihood that X falls somewhere in the range of 10 and 20 is 1. . ANS:FPTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 18. A consistent arbitrary variable X has a uniform dissemination somewhere in the range of 5 and 25 (comprehensive), at that point P(X = 15) = 0. 05. ANS:FPTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 19. We recogn ize discrete and ceaseless irregular factors by noticing whether the quantity of potential qualities is countable or uncountable. ANS:TPTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 20. Practically speaking, we as often as possible utilize a consistent circulation to estimated a discrete one when the quantity of qualities the variable can accept that is countable however huge. ANS:TPTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 21. Let X speak to week by week salary communicated in dollars. Since there is no set maximum breaking point, we can't recognize (and in this way can't check) all the potential qualities. Thusly, week by week pay is viewed as a ceaseless irregular variable. ANS:TPTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 22. To be a real likelihood thickness work, every conceivable estimation of f(x) must be non-negative. ANS:TPTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 23. To be a real likelihood thickness work, every conceivable estimation of f(x) must lie somewhere in the range of 0 and 1 (comprehensive). ANS:FPTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 24. The aggregate of all estimations of f(x) over the scope of [a, b] must rise to one. ANS:FPTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 25. A likelihood thickness work shows the likelihood for each estimation of X. ANS:FPTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 26. In the event that X is a persistent irregular variable on the stretch [0, 10], at that point P(X 5) = P(X ? 5). ANS:TPTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 27. In the event that X is a consistent arbitrary variable on the stretch [0, 10], at that point P(X = 5) = f(5) = 1/10. ANS:FPTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 28. On the off chance that a point y lies outside the scope of the potential estimations of an arbitrary variable X, at that point f(y) must approach zero. ANS:TPTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 COMPLETION 29. A(n) ____________________ irregular variable is one that expect an uncountable number of potential qualities. ANS:continuous PTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 30. For a persistent irregular variable, the likelihood for every individual estimation of X is ____________________. ANS: zero 0 PTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 31. Likelihood for constant irregular factors is found by finding the ____________________ under a bend. ANS:area PTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 32. A(n) ____________________ arbitrary variable has a thickness work that appears as though a square shape and you can utilize regions of a square shape to discover probabilities for it. ANS:uniform PTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 33. Assume X is a persistent irregular variable for X among an and b. At that point its likelihood ____________________ work must non-negative for all estimations of X among an and b. ANS:density PTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 34. The absolute territory under f(x) for a consistent arbitrary variable must rise to ____________________. ANS: 1 one PTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 35. The likelihood thickness capacity of a uniform irregular variable on the stretch [0, 5] must be ____________________ for 0 ? x ? 5. ANS: 1/5 0. 20 PTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 36. To discover the likelihood for a uniform arbitrary variable you take the ____________________ times the ____________________ of its relating square shape. ANS: base; tallness stature; base length; width; length PTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 37. You can utilize a consistent arbitrary variable to ____________________ a discrete irregular variable that takes on a countable, yet extremely huge, number of potential qualities. ANS:approximate PTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 SHORT ANSWER 38. A nonstop arbitrary variable X has the accompanying likelihood thickness work: f(x) = 1/4, 0 ? x ? 4 Find the accompanying probabilities: a. P(X ? 1) b. P(X ? 2) c. P(1 ? X ? 2) d. P(X = 3) ANS: a. 0. 25 b. 0. 50 c. 0. 25 d. 0 PTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 Waiting Time The period of time patients must stand by to see a specialist at a crisis room in an enormous clinic has a uniform conveyance between 40 minutes and 3 hours. 39. {Waiting Time Narrative} What is the likelihood thickness work for this uniform circulation? ANS: f(x) = 1/140, 40 ? x ? 180 (minutes) PTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 40. {Waiting Time Narrative} What is the likelihood that a patient would need to hold up somewhere in the range of one and two hours? ANS: 0. 43 PTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 41. {Waiting Time Narrative} What is the likelihood that a patient would need to stand by precisely 60 minutes? ANS: 0 PTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 42. {Waiting Time Narrative} What is the likelihood that a patient would need to stand by close to 60 minutes? ANS: 0. 143 PTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 43. The time required to finish a specific gathering activity has a uniform dispersion somewhere in the range of 25 and 50 minutes. a. What is the likelihood thickness work for this uniform dispersion? b. What is the likelihood that the get together activity will require over 40 minutes to finish? c. Assume additional time was permitted to finish the activity, and the estimations of X were stretched out to the range from 25 to an hour. What might f(x) be for this situation? ANS: a. f(x) = 1/25, 25 ? x ? 50 b. 0. 40 c. f(x) = 1/35, 25 ? x ? 60 PTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 44. Assume f(x) rises to 1/50 on the span [0, 50]. a. What is the dispersion of X? b. What does the diagram of f(x) resemble? c. Discover P(X ? 25) d. Discover P(X ? 25) e. Discover P(X = 25) f. Discover P(0 X 3) g. Discover P(? 3 X 0) h. Discover P(0 X 50) ANS: a. X has a uniform conveyance on the span [0, 50]. b. f(x) structures a square shape of tallness 1/50 from x = 0 to x = 50. c. 0. 50 d. 0. 50 e. 0 f. 0. 06 g. 0. 06 h. 1. 00 PTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 Chemistry Test The time it takes an understudy to complete a science test has a uniform conveyance somewhere in the range of 50 and 70 minutes. 45. {Chemistry Test Narrative} What is the likelihood thickness work for this uniform appropriation? ANS: f(x) = 1/20, 50 ? x ? 70 PTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 46. {Chemistry Test Narrative} Find the likelihood that an understudy will take over an hour to complete the test. ANS: 0. 50 PTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 47. {Chemistry Test Narrative} Find the likelihood that an understudy will take no under 55 minutes to complete the test. ANS: 0. 75 PTS:1REF:SECTION 8. 1 48. {Chemistry Test Narrativ

Extended Metaphor in Literature

Broadened Metaphor in Literature An all-encompassing representation is a typical abstract gadget utilized as a correlation between two, dissimilar to things that are normally utilized in spellbinding exposition or verse. Now and again, it is only a sentence or two, or now and again it tends to be considerably more, enduring a section or more. This artistic term is otherwise called an arrogance or a uber similitude. An all-encompassing analogy is here and there mistook for purposeful anecdote. The different components orâ imagesâ in an all-inclusive representation may fit together or supplement each other in various manners. Moral story Versus Extended Metaphor Moral story is frequently portrayed as an all-encompassing allegory, yet this depiction possibly works whenever stretched out alludes to the semantic articulation while analogy alludes to the calculated structure. For instance, Peter Crisp, English educator for the Chinese University of Hong Kong, claims that Extended similitude... is unique in relation to moral story since it contains language that relates legitimately to both theâ source and target. Artistic Construct Only Expanded metaphorsâ are an abstract build instead of a conventional languageâ metaphor. Expanded similitudes are utilized intentionally and supported all through a content or talk. In contrast to standard language similitudes, they are not an erratic utilization of a depiction generally made due to legitimate need to get a point over. As indicated by some language specialists, expanded illustrations are the elite property of artistic writings, in spite of the fact that this isn't convincing in light of the utilization ofâ sustained allegories in publicizing. Instances of Extended Metaphors The most ideal approach to comprehend the idea of an all-inclusive allegory is to see it being used. Creators and artists from everywhere throughout the world, from all classifications, and many timeframes, have utilized or likely will utilize an all-encompassing representation somehow. Senior member Koontz, Seize the NightBobby Holloway says my creative mind is a 300 ring carnival. As of now, I was in ring 200 and ninety-nine, with elephants moving and comedians cartwheeling and tigers jumping through rings of fire. The opportunity had arrived to step back, leave the fundamental tent, go get some popcorn and a Coke, rapture out, cool down.Michael Chabon, The Yiddish Policemans UnionIt never takes longer than a couple of moments, when they get together, for everybody to return to the condition of nature, similar to a gathering marooned by a wreck. That’s what a family is. Likewise the tempest adrift, the boat, and the obscure shore. What's more, the caps and the bourbon stills that you make out of bamboo and coconuts. Also, the fire that you light to ward off the beasts.Emily Dickinson, Hope Is the Thing With FeathersHope is the thing with feathersThat roosts in the soul,And sings the tune-without the words,And never stops at all,And best in the hurricane is heard;And sore must be the stormThat could abash the little birdThat kept such a large number of warm.Ive heard it in the chillest land,And on the most peculiar sea;Yet, never, in extremity,It solicited a scrap from me. Charles Dickens, The Mystery of Edwin DroodWhosoever has seen that quiet and administrative fledgling, the rook, may maybe have seen that when he wings his path back home towards dusk, in a calm and administrative organization, two rooks will unexpectedly segregate themselves from the rest, will remember their trip for some separation, and will there balance and wait; passing on to insignificant men the extravagant that it is of some mysterious significance to the body politic, that this guileful couple should profess to have repudiated association with it.Similarly, administration being over in the old Cathedral with the square pinnacle, and the ensemble fighting out once more, and jumpers revered people of rook-like perspective scattering, two of these last follow their means, and walk together in the resounding Close.Henry James, The AmbassadorsUnless she concealed herself out and out she could appear however as one of these, an outline of his domiciled and to be sure of his affir med condition. What's more, the awareness of this in her enchanting eyes was so clear and fine that as she in this manner freely brought him into her vessel she created in him such a quiet fomentation as he was not to flop a while later to impugn as pusillanimous. Ok dont be so enchanting to me!- for it makes us cozy, and after all what is between us when Ive been so immensely wary and have seen you yet about multiple times? He perceived again the unreasonable law that so permanently administered his poor individual angles: it would be actually similar to the manner in which things consistently showed up for him that he should influence Mrs. Pocock and Waymarsh as propelled in a connection where he had actually never been propelled. They were at the present time they must be crediting to him its full permit, and all by the activity of her own tone with him; though his sole permit had been to stick with force to the verge, but rather to plunge a toe into the flood. Be that as it may, the glint of his dread on this event was not, as might be included, to rehash itself; it jumped up, for its second, just incredible and afterward go out until the end of time. To meet his kindred guests conjuring and, with Sarahs splendid eyes on him, answer, was adequately to step into her vessel. During the remainder of the time her visit kept going he felt himself continue to every one of the correct workplaces, progressively, for assisting with keeping the bold rowboat above water. It shook underneath him, yet he settled himself in his place. He took up a paddle and, since he was to have the credit of pulling, pulled. Will Ferrell (Actor/Comedian), Commencement Address at Harvard University in 2003I moved on from the University of Life. OK? I got a degree from the School of Hard Knocks. Furthermore, our hues were beat up, infant. I had available time with the Dean of Bloody Noses. Okay? I acquired my class notes from Professor Knuckle Sandwich and his showing right hand, Ms. Fat Lip Thon Nyun. That’s the sort of school I went to without a doubt, alright?

My MIT Essay Revisions

My MIT Essay Revisions Note: all of my MIT essays can be found online so if youre curious as to what the other ones were, you can easily find them! When applying to MIT, I knew I really, really had to write some damn good essays because I didnt feel like I had the stats and awards to bolster me up to acceptance level material. I wanted to give a short rundown of what my essay writing process was like for me since I get a lot of questions as to how to start the essay. Of course, its different for everyone. But I found that this is what worked best for me. Its typically better of a supplemental essay approach, which probably explains why my Common Application essay was so shit, but regardless! I started writing my essays in early August. I started by writing down everything I wanted MIT to know about me important extracurriculars, mandatory tidbits and facts, quirks and personality points, etc. 1. Create a list of everything you want to include in your applications.   My list looked a little something like this: bioengineering nonprofit organization equality in STEM and social justice music Filipino identity Boeing internship I left out a bit more of the personal details, but really, this was the essence of my application. Then, I took each important part and allotted it to a specific essay question, just to ensure that all of me, or at least nearly all of me would be incorporated into my application somehow. 2. Assign each bullet point to an essay. Dont worry, you can move it around later, but just put in what makes the most sense to you. I quickly assigned each bit to the 5 MIT essays, resulting in: bioengineering Essay #2: Although you may not yet know what you want to major in, which department or program at MIT appeals to you and why? (100 words or fewer) nonprofit organization ??? equality in STEM and social justice Essay #3: At MIT, we bring people together to better the lives of others. MIT students work to improve their communities in different ways, from tackling the world’s biggest challenges to being a good friend. Describe one way in which you have contributed to your community, whether in your family, the classroom, your neighborhood, etc. (200-250 words) music Essay #1: We know you lead a busy life, full of activities, many of which are required of you. Tell us about something you do simply for the pleasure of it. (100 words or fewer) Filipino identity Essay #4: Describe the world you come from; for example, your family, clubs, school, community, city, or town. How has that world shaped your dreams and aspirations? (200-250 words) Boeing internship ??? All I was really missing was Essay #5: Tell us about the most significant challenge you’ve faced or something important that didn’t go according to plan. How did you manage the situation? (200-250 words). In fact, I didnt finalize the final draft of this essay until 20 minutes before the MIT deadline. For some reason, I found this essay the most challenging of all of them (ironically).01 Wouldve been pretty meta to write an essay on the most significant challenge on that essay being my most significant challenge.   Regardless, I began to write. 3. Write. Write. Write. Do  not pay attention to word limit. The editing can come later. Write down your full, complete responses to the essay. Write multiple versions of it. Write everything that come to mind. Generate as much information as you possibly can. Heres my first draft of Essay #4 from September 14th: “I am large, I contain multitudes.” As the only daughter of a single Filipino mother, my experiences growing up seemed to differ from those of other kids.   I remember only thinking that everyone had only one parent, and if you happened to have both, you chose which one you lived with.   I remember looking at the sea of ethnicities of my classmates and feeling a loneliness in being the only Filipino. I remember having to create friends out of inanimate objectspillowcases, stuffed animals, treesto combat the solitude of being an only child.   I come from a world where creativity was my weapon against loneliness, where a family was not composed of a mama and a dada, but a mama and her mama (my grandmother), where being Filipino was a mark of “other” onto my skin.   I was not one of the Big Three. I was no Korea, China, or Japan, but instead, an insignificant splash of islands messily painted onto a globe.   I grew up hating my culture; from feeling a hot shame whenever my grandparents’ accents rang harshly in a conversation to avoiding bringing Filipino food to school because I couldn’t bear the embarrassment of having to explain what it was, I attempted to distance myself from a heritage I wanted no part in. It wasn’t until I went to high school, where I met my friends (Kellen, Savana, and Lauren) who found incredible pride in their backgrounds and had an intense curiosity for my own background, that I started to open up more.   I told them about Filipino foods, to which they responded with great awe and want to taste it. I told them about our history, a history of being conquered and colonized over and over again to where our identities were a mesh of other cultures, yet amidst that all, we made it our own.   I told them about growing up around Tagalog and taught them words so they could discreetly insult other people in my language and continued to talk and talk and talk until one day, I realized that maybe it wasn’t so bad being who I was. However, it wasn’t until my mother came to me in my sophomore year with a request to help her friend from the Philippines gather books for three schools she sponsored.   I decided to invite Lauren, Savana, and Kellen to help me. We prepared fo r five months, planning a month long book drive at our middle school to fundraise. In those five months, we designed a logo, wrote out mission statements, made brochures, e-mailed administrators back and forth, and gave our nonprofit organization a name The Literacy Movement. The drive was a success and soon enough, we found ourselves with plane tickets to visit the Philippines for two weeks to give the books to the schools ourselves.   Those two weeks in the Philippines changed my outlook on Filipino lifestyle and culture forever.   The students in the Philippines had an incredible passion and dedication to their education, traveling miles upon miles, whether barefoot or in flimsy chinelas (flip-flops), through the jungle-like terrain to go to school.   They combatted the struggles of living in an impoverished neighborhood through camaraderie and positivity. When we assisted in a feeding program at the Philippines, giving out cups of soup to each child that approached the door, I saw kids run back to their homes and return with their family and friends so that they could get a portion of the food, too.   There was an incredible sense of community in the Philippines that I will remember forever and it reminded me that while the Filipino people did not have much physically, we had a lot to give emotionally. Our culture was one of giving back, and I felt it was my duty to give as much as I could to these people. They let us into their own lives and own worlds, showing us bits and pieces of what it was like to live like them, and it was only fair that we gave them all we could, not only in books, but in our returned kindness and appreciation. Being in that environment, surrounded by people who shared my roots yet lived an entirely different life, sparked not only a want to return to the Philippines and visit those same schools again, but a pride in my people and my culture and a confidence in my identity. 4. Read. Critique. Edit.   This isnt the part where you cut down just yet. Instead, this step is dedicated to solidifying really good ideas and stories, making sure that you have all the ingredients needed to make a good essay. I was lucky enough to have really talented editors help me identify weaker parts of my essay. The main critique for this first one was my comparison of Asian countries against the Philippines and having too negative of an overall tone for a college essay. Which I get. Draft 2, October 5th: “I am large, I contain multitudes.” As the only daughter of a single Filipino mother, my experiences growing up seemed to differ from those of other kids.   I remember only thinking that everyone had only one parent, and if you happened to have both, you chose which one you lived with.   I remember looking at the sea of ethnicities of my classmates and feeling a loneliness in being the only Filipino. I remember having to create friends out of inanimate objectspillowcases, stuffed animals, treesto combat the solitude of being an only child. I come from a world where creativity was my weapon against loneliness, where a family was not composed of a mama and a dada, but a mama and her mama (my grandmother), where being Filipino was a mark of “other” onto my skin.   I was not one of the Big Three.   I was no Korea, China, or Japan, but instead, an insignificant splash of islands messily painted onto a globe. I grew up hating my culture; from feeling a hot shame whenever my grandparents’ accents rang harshly in a conversation to avoiding bringing Filipino food to school because I couldn’t bear the embarrassment of having to explain what it was, I attempted to distance myself from a heritage I wanted no part in. I grew up hating my culture, my insignificance. It wasn’t until I went to high school,I started to open up more wheren I met my friends Kellen, Savana, and Lauren in high school(Kellen, Savana, and Lauren) , who found incredible pride in their backgrounds and had an intense curiosity for my own background, that I started to open up moreasked me about mine.   I told them about Filipino foods, to which they responded with great awe and want to taste it.   I told them about our Filipinohistory, a history of being conquered and colonized over and over againcolonization to the point where our identities were a mesh of other culturesstrange amalgamation of a the world, yet amidst that all, we made it our ownuniquely Filipino.   I told them about growing up around Tagalog and taught them words so they could discreetly insult other people in my language andand Filipino foods and our traditions and continued to talk and talk and talk and talk until one day, I realized that maybe it wasn’t so bad being who I wasrealized that my culture was one to be proud of.   However, it wasn’t until When my mother came to me in my sophomore year with a request to help her friend from the Philippines gather books for three schools she sponsored, .  Idecided to invited Lauren, Savana, and Kellen to help me.   We prepared a month long book drive at our middle school to fundraisefor five months, planning a month long book drive at our middle school to fundraise.   In those five months, we designed designing a our ownlogo, wrote out mission statements, made brochures creating brochures, e-mailedingschool administrators back and forth, and gave our nonprofit organization a namegiving ourselves a name The Literacy Movement.   The drive was a success and soon enough, we found ourselves with plane tickets to visit the Philippines for two weeks to give the books to the schools ourselves.   Those two weeks in the Philippines changed my outlook on Filipino lifestyle and culture forever.   The students in the Philippines had an incredible passion and dedication to their education, traveling miles upon miles, whether barefoot or in flimsy chinelas (flip-flops), through the jungle-like terrain to go to school.   They combatteding the struggles of living in an impoverished neighborhood through camaraderie and positivity. When we assisted in a feeding program at the Philippines, giving out cups of soup to each child that approached the door, I saw kids run back to their homes and return with their family and friends so that they could get a portion of the food, too.   There was an incredible sense of community in the Philippines that I will remember forever and iIt reminded me that while the Filipino people did not have much physically, we had a lot to give emotionally. Our culture was one of giving back, and I felt it was my duty to give as much as I could to these people.Th ey let us into their own lives and own worlds, showing us bits and pieces of what it was like to live like them, and it was only fair that we gave them all we could, not only in books, but in our returned kindness and appreciation. Being in that environment, surrounded by people who shared my roots yet lived an entirely different life, sparked not only a want to return to the Philippines and visit those same schools again, but a pride in my people and my culture and a confidence in my identity. 5. Repeat Step 4 until you are satisfied with your sentences. Then move on to Step 6. I actually did something weird here, where I really hated my drafts. So I just scrapped most of it and started fresh. Draft #3, October 15: I come from a world where creativity was my weapon against loneliness, where a family was not composed of a mama and a dada, but a mama and her mama, and where being Filipino was the thing I hated most about myself. I am the only daughter of a divorced Filipino woman, whose disconnection from her culture imprinted onto myself so that I thought poorly of the Philippines.   In my eyes, we were just tools of service. We were your maids, your nurses, your babysitters. We weren’t at the forefront, but an afterthought. The ones who cleaned up the mess after the party. I lived with this perspective until I reached high school. I worked with my friends to create a nonprofit organization, The Literacy Movement, where we collected books to donate to three schools in the Philippines.   When I visited the Philippines in the summer before my junior year, I gained a better understanding of the Filipino people.   We are a people whose long history with colonialism has made it difficult to find our own identity.   Our language is, as described by my mom, a poor man’s Spanish. Despite this, I still find a pride in my culture. I no longer look at my country with a scornful eye, but a critical one.   I’ve worked to incorporate my heritage in my schoolwork, writing a thesis and dissertation on colorism in the Philippines in AP Language and Composition, as well as centering my speech in the same class on my complex relationship with my culture. 6. Cut down/write your essay, but now following word limits. Funnily enough, my new fresh essay followed word limits. Draft #3, October 15: I come from a world where creativity was my weapon against loneliness, where a family was not composed of a mama and dada, but a mama and her mama, and where being Filipino was the thing I hated most about myself. I am the only daughter of a divorced Filipino woman, whose disconnect from her culture influenced my understanding of it.   In my eyes, we were just tools of service. We were your maids, your nurses, your babysitters an afterthought. The ones who cleaned up the mess after the celebration. I lived with this perspective until I reached high school. I worked with my friends to create a nonprofit organization, The Literacy Movement, where we collected books to donate to three schools in the Philippines.   When I visited the Philippines in the summer before my junior year, I gained a better understanding of the Filipino people.   We are a people whose long history with colonialism has made it difficult to find our own identity, but throughout the years, I’ve come to know who I am.   We are an amalgamation of various countries, and we have taken those bits and pieces and made it our own. That uniqueness is seen in our foods, our language, our people.   I no longer look at my country with a scornful eye, but a critical one, even incorporating my heritage in my schoolwork. I wrote a thesis and dissertation on colorism in the Philippines and a speech about my complex relationship with my Filipino culture. Word Count: 250 7. Edit. Tweak. Perfect. October 16: I come from a world where creativity was my weapon against loneliness, where a family was not composed of a mama and dada, but a mama and her mama, and where being Filipino was the thing I hated most about myself. I am the only daughter of a divorced Filipino woman, whose disconnect from her culture influenced my understanding of it.   In my eyes, we were just tools of service. We were your maids, your nurses, your babysitters an afterthought. The ones who cleaned up the mess after the celebration. I lived with this perspective until I reached high school. I worked with my friends to createcreated a nonprofit organization with my friends, called The Literacy Movement, where we collected books to donate to three schools in the Philippines.   When I visited the Philippines in the summer before my junior year, I gained a better understanding of the Filipino people.   We are a people whose long history with colonialism has made it difficult to find our own identity, but throughout the years, I’ve come to know who I am.   We are an amalgamation of various countries, taking bits and pieces of them and making it our own. That uniqueness is seen in our foods, our language, our people.   I no longer look at my country with a scornful eye, but a critical one. I’ve incorporated my heritage in my schoolwork, writing a thesis and dissertation on colorism in the Philippines and a speech about my complex relationship with my Filipino culture. Word Count: 2486 October 20: I come from a world where creativity was my weapon against loneliness, where a family was not composed of a mama and dada, but a mama and her mama, and where being Filipino was the thing I hated most about myself. I am the only daughter of a divorced Filipino woman, whose disconnect from her culture influenced my understanding of it.   In my eyes, we were just tools of service. We were your maids, your nurses, your babysitters an afterthought. The ones who cleaned up the mess after the celebration. I lived with this perspective until I reached high school. I created a nonprofit organization with my friends called The Literacy Movement, where we collected books to donate to three schools in the Philippines.   When I visited the Philippines in the summer before my junior year, I gained a better understanding of the Filipino people.   We are a people whose long history with colonialism has made it difficult to find our own identity, but throughout the years, I’ve come to know who I am.   We are an amalgamation of various countries, taking bits and pieces of them and making it our own. That uniqueness is seen in our foods, our language, our people.   I no longer look at my country with a scornful eye, but a critical one. I’ve incorporated my heritage in my schoolwork, writing a thesis and dissertation on colorism in the Philippines and a speech about my complex relationship with my Filipino culture. Word Count: 246 October 23: I come from a world where a family was not composed of a mama and dada, but a mama and her mama, and where being Filipino was the thing I hated most about myself. I am the only daughter of a divorced Filipino woman, whose disconnect from her culture influenced my understanding of it.   In my eyes, we were just tools of service. We were your maids, your nurses, your babysitters an afterthought. The ones who cleaned up the mess after the celebration.I lived with this perspective until I reached high school, where increase of Filipino representation in the media made me feel more comfortable in my identity. Because of this, I created a nonprofit organization with my friends called The Literacy Movement, where we collected books to donate to threeschools in the Philippines.   When I visited the Philippines in the summer before my junior year, I gained a better understanding of the Filipino people.   We are a people whose long history with colonialism has made it difficult to find our own identity, but throughout the years, I’ve come to know who I am.   We are an amalgamation of various countries, taking bits and pieces of them and making it our own. That uniqueness is seen in our foods, our language, our people.   I no longer look at my country with a scornful eye, but a critical one. I’ve incorporated my heritage in my schoolwork, writing a thesis and dissertation on colorism in the Philippines and a speech about my complex relationship with my Filipino culture. We are a people whose long history with colonialism has made it difficult to find out own identity, but throughout the years, I’ve come to know who I am. I no longer look at my country with a scornful eye, but a critical one, now incorporating my heritage into my schoolwork. I’ve written a thesis and dissertation on colorism in the Philippines and presented a speech about my complex relationship with my culture. We are an amalgamation of various countries, whose uniqueness is seen in its foods, language, and people. And through all this, I can now say that I am proud to be Filipino. Word Count: 2469 October 27: I come from a world where a family was not composed of a mama and dada, but a mama and her mama, and where being Filipino was the thing I hated most about myselfwas something I was ashamed of. I am the only daughter of a divorced Filipino woman, whose disconnect from her culture influenced my understanding of it.   In my eyes, we were just tools of service. We were your maids, your nurses, your babysitters an afterthought. I lived with this perspective until high school, where increase of Filipino representation in the media made me feel more comfortable in my identity. Because of this, I created a nonprofit organization with my friends called The Literacy Movement, where we collected books to donate to schools in the Philippines.   When I visited the Philippines in the summer before my junior year, I gained a better understanding of the Filipino people.   We are a people whose long history with colonialism has made it difficult to find out own identity, but throughout the years, I’ve come to know who I am. I no longer look at my country with a scornful eye, but a critical one, now incorporating my heritage into my schoolwork. I’ve written a thesis and dissertation on colorism in the Philippines and presented a speech about my complex relationship with my culture. We are an amalgamation of various countries, whose uniqueness is seen in its foods, language, and people. And through all this, I can now say that I am proud to be Filipino. Word Count: 2497 8. Finally, its done. October 28, final product: I come from a world where a family was not composed of a mama and dada, but a mama and her mama, and where being Filipino was something I was ashamed of. I am the only daughter of a divorced Filipino woman, whose disconnect from her culture influenced my understanding of it.   In my eyes, we were just tools of service. We were your maids, your nurses, your babysitters an afterthought. I lived with this perspective until high school, where increase of Filipino representation in the media made me feel more comfortable in my identity. Because of this, I created a nonprofit organization with my friends called The Literacy Movement, where we collected books to donate to schools in the Philippines.   When I visited the Philippines in the summer before my junior year, I gained a better understanding of the Filipino people.   We are a people whose long history with colonialism has made it difficult to find out own identity, but throughout the years, I’ve come to know who I am. I no longer look at my country with a scornful eye, but a critical one, now incorporating my heritage into my schoolwork. I’ve written a thesis and dissertation on colorism in the Philippines and presented a speech about my complex relationship with my culture. We are an amalgamation of various countries, whose uniqueness is seen in its foods, language, and people. And through all this, I can now say that I am proud to be Filipino. Word Count: 247 As you can see, this essay has come a very, very long way. I actually would be interested in trying to rewrite it  not for a college essay because I definitely did have to censor myself a bit in order to try and ~appeal to those colleges~. I look back at my writing now and am kind of sad at how stiff it is. Theres not a lot of color in my writing aside from maybe the opening bit showing splashes of personality, but if you recall the list from earlier, I shoved my nonprofit organization + Filipino identity into one essay. It is completely okay to incorporate multiple elements of yourself into one essay as long as its cohesive and flows well. Honestly, I didnt do a lot of very colorful and abstract writing for my college essays, which is something I regret a lot, but I did get my chance to play with it during my blogger application, which can also be another revisions post for the future. I hope this was kind of helpful and gave some insight into how I approach any application-like essays that ask to show myself off. Post Tagged #my essays ooooo uwu Would've been pretty meta to write an essay on the most significant challenge on that essay being my most significant challenge. back to text ?

How Is a Cells Membrane Suited to Its Functions

How is a cell’s membrane structure suited to its functions? Throughout the past century, scientists have been able to conduct more research on the structure of a cell membrane and understand its components and functions. The present agreed on model, created in 1972 by S. J. Singer and G. Nicolson, is called the fluid mosaic model. This model depicts that proteins (integral and peripheral) form a mosaic since they are floating in a fluid layer of phospholipids, which makes up the components of the cell membrane (along with cholesterol). Each of these parts of the membrane enables it to be more efficient. The purpose of a cell membrane is to support and protect the cell, but also to control the movement of materials in and out of it. It†¦show more content†¦They may also use facilitated diffusion6 instead of active transport. The movement of substances across the membrane through this protein, whether using active transport or facilitated diffusion, is referred to as carrier mediated transport. Unlike integral proteins, peripheral proteins do not extend into the hydrophobic region of the bilayer but remain bound to the surface of the membrane. They are often anchored to an integral protein and are also easier to analyze for scientists sinceShow MoreRelatedIntroduction to Cell Tissue and Organ1667 Words   |  7 PagesTitle: Introduction to cell, tissues and organ Objectives: 1. To study the different type, function, structure and histology of cell, tissue, and organs in human body. 2. To learn how to identify different cell and tissue based on their structure and shape. 3. To learn how to use the microscope properly to observe the slide of different cell and tissue. Introduction: Cell is the basic structural and functional units of an organism that are composed of chemicals. Cell is the smallest living unitRead MoreFossil Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emission Essay1363 Words   |  6 Pagestheir limits and fuel economy has been maxed out. While a shift in consumer preference to smaller and more fuel efficient automobiles would decrease consumption and emissions, the economic model alone will not prompt such a change. The hydrogen fuel cell’s new technology calls for a radical change in design approaches that will test the automakers that choose to mass-produce this technology. The hydrogen harvesting methods required to power the fuel cells have environmental challenges. RegardlessRead MoreThemes in the Study of Life5755 Words   |  24 PagesPosing questions about the living world and seeking science-based answers are the central activities of biology, the scientific study of life. †¢ Biologists ask a wide variety of ambitious questions. ââ€"‹ They may ask how a single cell becomes a tree or a dog, how the human mind works, or how the living things in a forest interact. †¢ Biologists can help answer questions that affect our lives in practical ways. †¢ What is life? ââ€"‹ The phenomenon of life defies a simple, one-sentence definition. ââ€"‹ WeRead MorePreliminary Biology Yearly Notes6280 Words   |  26 PagesEarth’s surface. * Terrestrial and aquatic environments have very different abiotic characteristics. Abiotic Characteristics Characteristic | In Aquatic environments | In Terrestrial environments | Viscosity – viscosity is a measure of how hard it is to move through a gas or a liquid (fluid) | High viscosity – organisms have to be streamlined | Low viscosity; little resistance to movement | Buoyancy – buoyancy is the amount of support experienced by an object immersed in a liquid orRead MoreSexually Transmitted Diseases35655 Words   |  143 PagesSimple Machines 93-99 Unit 5 The Physical Environment Weather and Climate 100-113 Soils 114-128 Unit 6 Living things in the Environment Plant and animal cells 129 Eukaryotes vs prokaryotes 130 Structures and functions 133-137 Microbes 148-150 Onion and cheek cells 150-151 Ecological study 154 Seed structure and germination 155-157 Reproduction in plants 158-165 Sexually transmitted diseases 166-176 Birth Control and contraceptives

Hurlyburly Play Character Analysis

If Hollywood were a large stone in the middle of a swamp, then David Rabe’s Hurlyburly represents all of the creepy crawlers and slimy disgusting gunk you find underneath the rock. This darkly comic drama is set in the Hollywood Hills. It tells the story of four miserable, self-destructive bachelors, each of whom is pursuing careers in the film industry. They don’t seem the ambitious types, however. The bachelors (Eddie, Phil, Mickey, and Artie) spend their time drinking, womanizing, and ingesting a shocking amount of cocaine. All the while, Eddie — the central character — wonders why his life is slowly rotting away to nothing. The Male Characters Eddie:It is debatable whether or not Eddie and his cohorts learn anything by the conclusion. But the audience gets the picture: Don’t be like Eddie. During the play’s beginning Eddies spends his morning snorting cocaine and eating slightly molded Hostess Snowballs. Eddie desires a steady romance with Darlene (who sometimes dates his roommate). However, once he establishes a committed relationship, he subconsciously dismantles it with his paranoia. Eddie’s life is a ping-pong match, going from meaningless one-night-stand and drug binges to a â€Å"grown-up† life as an up-and-coming casting director. Ultimately, he is unhappy with both sides and takes solace in the belief that his friends are more pathetic than he is. But as he loses his friends, he begins losing the desire to live. Phil:Eddie’s best friend Phil is a fledgling actor and complete loser. During Act One, Phil can’t understand his own aggressive behavior. He verbally and physically abuses women, including the woman he marries and has a child with. As the play continues, Phil’s violence escalates. He picks fights with strangers, bullies his friends, and shoves a blind date out of a moving car! There are few redeeming qualities about Phil, yet he does achieve one sympathetic moment. In Act Two, he holds his baby daughter. As he shows her to his friends he wonders dreamily about her gaze and her smile. He says of children, â€Å"Yes. They are very honest.† It’s a touching moment — one that seems to hint that perhaps Phil will not continue down his dangerous path. Sadly, the hint deceives the audience. In Act Three, Phil’s character embraces oblivion, driving his car off Mulholland Drive. Artie:Artie feels slighted that he isn’t very close to Eddie. Every time he tells Eddie about his latest Hollywood pitch, Eddie is openly pessimistic about Artie’s chances. Yet Artie proves him wrong by finally getting a production deal. Artie’s personality also develops for the better. During Act One, he is as chauvinistic as Eddie and Phil. He finds a homeless teenager living in a hotel elevator. He takes her in, uses her for about a week, and then leaves her at Eddie’s house as a â€Å"present.† despite this disgusting behavior, Artie changes during Act Two after Phil treats his blind date, Bonnie, with such cruelty. Artie gains respect for Bonnie and, instead of using her as an object, he wants to spend time with Bonnie and her child at Disneyland. Mickey:Mickey is the most cold-hearted of the four men. He is also the most level-headed. He doesn’t share Eddie’s addictive behavior, nor does he rampage like the testosterone-driven Phil. Rather, he steals girlfriends from his so-called buddies only to break-up with the women days later. Nothing is terribly important to Mickey. When Eddie is desperately grief-stricken, Mickey tells him to simply get over it. When Eddie is faced with the death of a loved one, Mickey tries to convince him that it wasn’t such a loss. And when Eddie asks, â€Å"What kind of friendship is this?† Mickey replies, â€Å"An adequate one.† The Female Characters All the men treat the women characters so harshly it might be easy to mistake Hurlyburly as misogynistic. After all, the females are portrayed as drug addicts and willing objects of easily-won sexuality. (Which is a fancy way of saying they sleep with a guy five minutes after meeting him). However, despite their obvious flaws, the females in Hurlyburly are the savior characters. Bonnie offers insight and advice to the degenerative Eddie. She also gives Artie a glimpse of a â€Å"normal† sort of relationship, inspiring hope for a more balanced life. Darlene, Eddie’s somewhat serious girlfriend, is the least interesting character, but perhaps that’s simply because she has the most self-respect. All of the other characters are so demented, It’s easy not to notice the quirk-less Darlene, but she plays an important role as Eddie’s prime motive for a less destructive lifestyle. Ultimately, however, she has enough self-esteem to walk away from Eddie, thereby evaporating his motivation. Donna, the homeless teenager, accidentally makes the biggest positive impact. After wandering across California for a year, she returns to Eddie’s house. She arrives on the night Eddie is incredibly high and contemplating suicide. The girl has no idea that Eddie is experiencing these dark thoughts. Nonetheless, thanks to Donna’s philosophical speech about how she thinks the universe works, Eddie realizes that everything in the cosmos pertains to him, that he connected to all things, but it is up to him to decide what those things represent. Donna’s words calm him down, and the drug-crazed, less-than-zero Eddie can finally get some sleep. The question is: What kind of life will he wake up to in the morning? Note to Drama Departments As the character descriptions indicate, Hurlyburly is an intense drama featuring several challenging characters. Although high-school drama departments and family-oriented theaters should stay away from David Rabe’s play due to its language and subject matter, college departments and daring regional theaters should certainly check out this edgy play.

Alcoholism Genetic or a Learned Behavior Free Essays

Alcoholism: Genetic or Learned Behavior? First, before I could answer this question, I had to do a little research. Alcohol addiction is a physical dependence on alcohol which occurs gradually. Over time, drink too much alcohol changed the balance of chemicals in your brain associated with the pleasure aspects of drinking alcohol. We will write a custom essay sample on Alcoholism: Genetic or a Learned Behavior or any similar topic only for you Order Now Excessive, long-term drinking can affect the balance of these chemicals, causing your body to crave alcohol to restore good feelings or to avoid negative feelings. â€Å"Alcoholism was officially recognized as a disease by the American Medical Association in 1991†. ( http://www. earn-about-alcoholism. com/alcoholism-disease. html ). What causes alcoholism? Is alcoholism inherited from a parent or is alcoholism a learned behavior? I chose this subject because I have a cousin who is 21 and already and alcoholic. According to him, he has been drinking since he was 10, while it was only a gulp of beer when his dad’s back was turned; it was still a step towards his current condition. Now I wonder, is he an alcoholic because he inherited this trait genetically from his dad (whose dad was also an alcoholic), or is he an alcoholic because of the environment in which he was raised and influenced.According to NCADI (Fact is Alcoholism Runs in Family), reports show that children of alcoholics are four times more likely to grow up to be an alcoholic than any other children. Scientists agree that genetic anomalies were the primary causative factor in at least some forms of alcoholism. (http://www. neurogenesis. com/Articles-Library/Foundational-Studies/The-Alcoholic-Gene. php ). Now scientists have to determine what these genes are and whether they are specific for alcohol or define something more general, such as differences in temperament or personality that increase an individual’s vulnerability to alcoholism.There was a study done in Sweden that followed alcohol use in twins who were adopted as children and raised apart. The study showed that alcoholism was slightly higher among those who were exposed to alcoholism only through adoptive families. However, it was dramatically higher among the twins whose biological fathers were alcoholics, regardless of the presence of alcoholism in their adoptive families. (http://alcoholism. about. com/cs/genetics/a/aa990517. htm) The studies also showed one twin doesn’t always become an alcoholic just because How to cite Alcoholism: Genetic or a Learned Behavior, Papers

Last Drinks Program And Argues Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Last Drinks Program And Argues. Answer: The essay examines the last Last drinks, Last drinks program and argues that it is a strong example of development of alcohol abuse prevention which targets alcohol related violence. The essay critically analyses the program and provides why it is effective towards solving the problem alcohol abuse in the state of NSW. Alcohol abuse is becoming a major issue in the country from the last decade and it is high time that policies and strategies are implemented in order to address the major growing issue. The selected program has taken a few initiatives to solve the problem in the state of NSW. It has been reported by the Sydney Morning Herald that the state of NSW has the worst statistics when it comes to harm form alcohol along with tackling such problems (SMG 2017). This is a very serious kind of crime which has resulted in a very significant cost for the state and the citizens. Out of all crimes which have taken place in the country and have resulted in police detention such as road vehicle traffic offences, public order offences and assaults of all level are related to the consumption of alcohol (Barratt, Cakic and Lenton 2013 pp 141-146). The other types of crime which is initiated through alcohol use are that of outing in fear, verbal abuse, physical abuse, domestic violence and assault. The consumption of alcohol is in itself not a crime, however it is the reason for mostly all types of crimes which takes place in the society. The harm which is related to the consumption of alcohol is increasingly growing concerns in the Australian community specially related to the young people. It is notoriously difficult to develop initiatives and policies which influence drinking behavior as the consumption of alcohol is not only accepted widely but also is a major part of the Australian culture. The program includes programs similar to that of the Newcastle program such as closing all pubs at 3am, locking out all venues sharp at 1:30 am and restricting the sales of liquor which contains high level alcohol such as tequila shots after 10am (About 2017). However the program does not include spreading awareness about alcohol consumption by educating the young citizens about it, mobilization and community engagement, assessment control and providing late nigh safe transport facilities to the intoxicated person. As provided by social learning theory of crime new behaviors are acquired by imitating and observing others. The process of learning is cognitive and takes place in the social context the process can occur purely through direct instructions or observati on (Downes, Rock and McLaughlin 2016 pp. 111-124). The program takes the use of alcohol in an excessive manner which results in several crimes as stated above as a process of social learning. The customs which are prevalent in the area make the young people indulge in excessive alcoholism. As having alcohol is widely accepted in the society people often do not recognize the limit which can make the consumption seriously harmful for them. The program takes excessive consumption of alcohol as one of the major causes of any kind of crime in the society. The program recognizes alcohol fueled violence as one of the major problems faced by the local communities around the state of NSW. The crime is a constant occupational hazard for nurses, paramedics, Police officers and doctors who in frontline deal with aggressive drunk people in relation to emergency services. Australians are becoming worried increasingly with respect to the negative impact of alcohol on the society. Majority of Australians believe that the society has now become use to the problem of alcohol abuse. The annual alcohol poll 2017 has revealed that 92% of the Australian family believe that consumption of alcohol lead to domestic and family violence. Violence which is fueled by alcohol is continuously becoming one of the main problems for the local communities of New South Wales. Doctors, paramedics, police officer and nurses who work for emergency services aggressively intoxicated people are becoming an occupational hazard. Therefore four major organization representing emergency services in NSW have bonded together to form the last drinks campaign and head on tackling of the issue related to alcohol fueled violence is been aimed by the campaign. The campaign seeks to change the 24/7 drinking culture which has permeated modern Australians. Evidence based policy solution is st rongly believe by the coalition. In addition evidence prove that the most useful way of reducing violence which is filled by alcohol in Australia is by placing restriction on the sale of alcohol late night. Over 30% of night time assaults have been reduced by the implementation of the Newcastle program. The program also imposed various restrictions on license venues in Newcastle. The restrictions which have been initiated by the last drinks last drinks program include the closing of all values by 3 a.m the lock out of all venues by 1:30 a.m and restriction upon the sale of drinks having high alcohol content after 10 p.m. The campaign is similar to that of the New Castle model. The challenge in relation to the campaign is to help other communities within the state to address alcohol related violence. The campaign also seek to reduce the use of drug eyes which is also becoming an increasing problem across the state. The campaign is also undertaking proper research in relation to the i ssue to collect evidence for the purpose of implementing policies against it. The campaign is strictly against the acceptance of drug or alcohol related violence as an Australian way of life. The program recognizes that life is way more important than the consumption of alcohol. The program seeks to target specially the young generation of Australia by restricting the sale of alcohol (About 2017). According to Kypri, McElduff and Miller (2014) pp. 303-310 most of the alcohol related crimes author during night when the people are highly intoxicated. Therefore this evidence based approach taken by the program to restrict the sale of alcohol at night is set to be successful. However a few shortcomings of the program are that it does not include any kind of awareness program for those who indulge in high level alcohol consumption. Various studies such as Jones et al. (2009) pp. 312-317 have proved that awareness resulted in very little success in relation to the prevention of alcohol co nsumption. According to Miller et al. (2014) pp. 314-322 alcohol consumption rate can only be reduced by restricting the sale of alcohol and limiting access to it. Primary prevention is used to prevent the crime before it takes place. This is done by eliminating the source of the crime by identifying it before the crime takes place. This type of prevention is taken in relation to the crime which is yet to take place and the source of which can be identified (Fennelly 2012) pp. 33-44. Secondary prevention of crime is a strategy to reduce the impact of the crime which has already taken place. Secondary prevention is best suited for crimes which have already taken place and the effect of which on the society has to be reduced (Newburn 2012) pp. 121-123. Tertiary prevention of crime aims to reduce the impact of an ongoing problem which is expected to have a lasting effect. This kind of crime prevention strategy is used in cases of crime which are prevalent in the society and the expected to have long lasting effect on it (Greenwood and Turner 2011) pp. 88-129. In this case the program which has been initiated by the coalition is in relation to prim ary prevention of the crime. This can be stated because the program used to restrict the sale of alcohol after a specified time so that the main cause of the alcohol fueled abuse is eradicated. If the citizens would not have access to alcohol over consumption would be restricted which would directly prevent any alcohol affected crime. Situational crime prevention is based on the fact that crime is mostly opportunistic and objects to change contextual factors to restrict the opportunities for the criminals to engage in criminal behavior (Shariati and Guerette 2017) pp. 261-268. Development crime prevention is based on the fact that early intervention in the young persons development can result in significant economic and social benefits (Welsh and Farrington 2014) pp. 221-224. Community prevention is based on the fact that changing the social or physical organization of the communities may have an impact on the behaviors of the individual who live there (Crawford and Evans 2016) pp 89-101. This particular program is community crime prevention mechanism as it used to change social and physical organizations by limiting the sales of alcohol and influence the behavior of individuals. The program is majorly focused on the community as it is seriously getting affected by alcohol abuse. According to Kypri, McElduff and Miller (2014) pp. 303-310 restriction in the closing time of pubs and lockouts can have a very beneficial effect towards reducing the clients caused by alcohol abuse. As the program includes strategies which is limiting the pub time and the sale of alcohol after a prescribed time it may be evidently said that the program is set to achieve its objectives in the same way it has been done in Newcastle. As provided by Jones et al. (2009) restricting the availability of alcohol may significantly reduce alcohol related violence as if the source of violence is eradicated there would be no violence at all. The same concept has been argued by the same concept has been argued by Kypri et al. (2011) pp. 323-326 Therefore it can be provided that this program is set to achieve its objective of restricting and limiting alcohol related violence. The empirical evidence behind such assumption is that similar programs have been used a Newcastle in a very effective manner and had been able to bring down the percentage of alcohol related abuse by 30%in the last 5 years. The crime is understood by the program in a way that it is a part of the society. As consumption of alcohol is widely accepted in the Australian society it is not regarded as a sin and therefore is not mostly associated with criminal activities. However the truth is that alcohol is one of the major causes for crimes which take place and the state. The measures which have been taken by the program are said to be consistent with the way in which the program as understood crime because implementation of community crime prevention technique along with primary crime prevention strategy is best suited to address crime which are a part of the society and affect the community as a whole. The prevention of crime is only possible when the best possible theories, techniques and strategies adopted while the framing of policies and programs. The purpose of effectively designing policies and programs to prevent crime the crime has to be understood in a proper manner. The source of crime has to be identified and the policy should be in relation to the community the victim or the offender. The policy which should be used for the prevention of crime must be in accordance to the relevance of the crime in the society. References About (2017) Last Drinks https://lastdrinks.org.au/about/ Barratt, M.J., Cakic, V. and Lenton, S., 2013. Patterns of synthetic cannabinoid use in Australia.Drug and alcohol review,32(2), pp.141-146. Crawford, T.A.M. and Evans, K., 2016. Crime prevention and community safety. pp. 89-101 Downes, D., Rock, P. and McLaughlin, E., 2016. Understanding deviance: a guide to the sociology of crime and rule-breaking. Oxford University Press. pp 111-124 Fennelly, L.J., 2012.Handbook of loss prevention and crime prevention. Elsevier. pp. 33-44 Greenwood, P.W. and Turner, S., 2011. Juvenile crime and juvenile justice.Crime and public policy, pp.88-129. Jones, C.G.A., Price, B., Kypri, K., Moffatt, S., Borzycki, C. New South Wales. Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research 2009, The impact of restricted alcohol availability on alcohol-related violence in Newcastle, NSW / Craig Jones. Pp. 312-317 Kypri, K., Jones, C., McElduff, P. Barker, D. 2011, "Effects of restricting pub closing times on night?time assaults in an Australian city", Addiction, vol. 106, no. 2, pp. 303-310. Kypri, K., McElduff, P. Miller, P. 2014, "Restrictions in pub closing times and lockouts in Newcastle, Australia five years on", Drug and Alcohol Review, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 323-326.Applied Policy Analysis Miller, P., Curtis, A., Palmer, D., Busija, L., Tindall, J., Droste, N., Gillham, K., Coomber, K. Wiggers, J. 2014, "Changes in injury?related hospital emergency department presentations associated with the imposition of regulatory versus voluntary licensing conditions on licensed venues in two cities", Drug and Alcohol Review, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 314-322. Newburn, T. ed., 2012.Handbook of policing. Routledge. pp. 121-123 Shariati, A. and Guerette, R.T., 2017. Situational Crime Prevention. InPreventing Crime and Violence(pp. 261-268). Springer International Publishing. SMG (2017) https://www.smh.com.au News NSW News Welsh, B.C. and Farrington, D.P., 2014.The Oxford handbook of crime prevention. Oxford University Press. Pp. 221-224

Provencher Brief Essays - Tort Law, Rest Area, Safety, Travel

Provencher Brief Facts: Motorist located a roadside rest area. The user of the roadside rest area fell on the stairs. The fall caused an injury, which consisted of a fractured right ankle. Judicial History: The user of the roadside rest area filed a complaint of negligence against ODOT. The plaintiff claimed the steps were in need of repair. ODOT argued that the user of the rest area was only a public invitee and was not there for a beneficial reason. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of ODOT. Issues: (1) Does ODOT who was not purposely trying to cause the area user bodily harm owes the user a compensation, for her injuries? (2) If ODOT owes the user of the roadside rest area any type of compensation what should the user receive? Holding: (1) No. (2) There is compensation owed only to injuries caused intentionally and when people are on the property for business purposes. Reasoning: The use of a roadside rest area is an invitation to use ODOT s facilities. The facilities should be safely manageable. The users of the roadside rest areas awareness of unsafe things such as the stairs that may be in bad shape needs to kept in mind. The defendant and the plaintiff owe each other equal amounts of caution and consideration. Legal Issues

History Of Chile essays

History Of Chile essays The native inhabitants of Chile are a people called the Araucanos. When Chile was first discovered in 1520 by Portuguese explorer Magellen most of Chile was dominated by these people. This Native American tribe was known for their remarkable fighting ability's. Chile was discovered Pedro de Valdivia ,Diego de Almargo and Ferdinand Magellen . Magellen landed on the Chilo Island following his voyage in 1520 through a strait which now bears his name . When Chile was discovered by Magellen it was called Tchili meaning "snow" . Pedro de Valdivia led a second expedition into southern Chile in 1540. Valdivia overcame the fierce resistance of the Araucanos and succeeded in establishing several settlements. These settlements included Santiago in 1541,Santiago is now the capital of Chile, Concepcin in 1550, and Valdivia in 1552. However only 3 years after Vabliva set up his first settlement in Chile the Araucanians organized and in a successful uprising killed Valdivia and many of his followers leaving only Concepcin The monetary unit used in Chile is one that is used in so many different Hispanic countries, this monetary unit is called the Peso. The present governmental status of Chile is a Republican one. The executive branch of the Chilean government holds 3 branches which are chief of state, head of government and a cabinet. The chief of state and head of government role is played by the same person which is elected by popular vote for a six year term. The last election was held on December 12,1999 in which presiding president Ricardo Lagos Escobar won by only three percent of the votes against Joaquin Lavin. The cabinet is appointed by the residing president for the length of his six year term. The legislative branch is made up of a bicameral Congreso Nacional of Senado. This ...

Customer Focus as a Prescription for Driving Innovatio Essay - 1

Customer Focus as a Prescription for Driving Innovatio - Essay Example This paper illustrates that Fred asserts that innovation is the root that firmly holds and gives strength, growth, and vitality of people, in an organization as well as the society. He illustrates further by outlining that innovation is creativity in action. It encompasses finding brilliant ideas and making them happen. When it is applied, it adds nutrients to life and organization. Apparently, we are in the information age. All the innovative ideas that were illuminated by earlier giants have either been improved or reinvented to greater heights. Innovation in broad perspective is a huge arena but can be described as creativity that consequently results into something new or better and add value to an individual(s) or a society (organization). For an instant, communication has completely been revolutionized. High powered communication devices with better upgrades are launched every day by competing firms with the aim of having a competitive edge over each other. However, there were individuals who provided the basics in earlier years that have been so advanced to the stratosphere. Besides, these innovations in communication ecological niche have contributed significantly to globalization. The use of Facebook, WhatsApp and other advanced sites of communications are as a result of individuals sweat their blood out to impact positively on the society. The roots of these ideas must have been so simple but various persons have advanced them. Fred uses Edison’s analogy of innovation as a way of doing thing better to impact positively on someone. Someone, in this case, refers to the customer(s). The customer can be a person, an organization or society whose needs are fulfilled by the innovation. Besides, the invention of social media responded to the customers’ desire. It is indeed true that some innovation has not only radically changed the world but also revolutionized it. For example, the invention of the wheel has had a tremendous impact on human li fe for centuries. At the initial stages when the wheels were invented, they were not highly appreciated as people were accustomed to they would move around.

Western Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Western Culture - Essay Example Centuries ago, the culture of a country was modified by wars and invasions. But now cultures are influenced by the corporate scenario in the country. Whenever a corporate giant enters a country’s local markets, it inevitably introduces a few subtle variations in the existing cultural practices. At the same time, the company has to respect local sensibilities and make certain changes in their strategies. A company’s success in the local markets depends immensely on how skillfully they negotiate the culture of that country, and in turn use it to their advantage. Once the company strikes the right balance, there is an intermingling of cultures, which introduces western cultural influences to the already existing local norms. A failure on the part of the company to adapt to local practices can prove to be a business disaster. For instance, the retail giant Wal-Mart was forced to completely shut down its operations in Germany and South Korea, when the local public did not approve of their characteristic working styles. (Schaefer, 2009) It would be beneficial to study an example to facilitate a better understanding of the influences of western culture brought about by corporate giants. McDonald’s, the world’s largest chain of fast food restaurants has more than 30,000 restaurants in nearly a 100 countries and serves approximately 52 million people daily (Bhushan, 2002). McDonald’s was one of the first corporations to pioneer the field of quick service restaurants. It’s franchise in India is owned and managed locally, employing local staff and product suppliers. Hardcastle Restaurants Private Limited owns and manages McDonalds restaurants in the western region of India, while the northern territory restaurants are owned and managed by Vikram Bakshi’s Connaught Plaza Restaurants Private Limited. The first Mc Donald’s outlet was opened in India’s capital, New Delhi in October, 1996 and currently there are a total of 132 restaurants in the whole of

Some Of The Models And Frameworks For Reflection Education Essay

Some Of The Models And Frameworks For Reflection Education Essay Having established the need for experiential knowledge that arises out of reflection, this handout is exploring some of the models structures and frameworks that can facilitate the reflective process. However, before we explore these frameworks some important distinctions are needed to be made about different types of reflection. Edgar Schon, an influential writer on reflection, described reflection in two main ways: reflection in action and reflection on action. Reflection on action is looking back after the event whilst reflection in action is happening during the event. To complicate matters there are different interpretations of reflection on action. Lets now explore these terms. Reflection in action means To think about what one is doing whilst one is doing it; it is typically stimulated by surprise, by something which puzzled the practitioner concerned(Greenwood, 1993). Reflection in action allows the practitioner to redesign what he/ she is doing whilst he/she is doing it. This is commonly associated with experienced practitioners. However, it is much neglected. Reflection on action is defined as: The retrospective contemplation of practice undertaken in order to uncover the knowledge used in practical situations, by analysing and interpreting the information recalled (Fitzgerald, 1994pp67) We can see here that reflection on action involves turning information into knowledge, by conducting a cognitive post mortem. Alternatively Boyd Fales suggest reflection on action is: The process of creating and clarifying the meanings of experiences in terms of self in relation to both self and world. The outcome of this process is changed conceptual perspectives (Boyd Fales, 1983pp101) We see here that Boyd and Fales focus more on self development. Here refection does not only add to our knowledge but challenges the concepts and theories we hold. Furthermore as a result we dont see more, we see differently. Atkins and Murphy (1994) take this idea one step further and suggest that for reflection to make a real difference to practice we follow this with a commitment to action as a result. The problems with these views of reflection on action are that they do not take account of the importance of reflection before action. This is when we plan out before we act what we want to do. So what have we learnt about reflection? It can best be seen as: Reflection before action Reflection in action Reflection after action. Now lets see which frameworks best support these approaches. Gibbs Framework for Reflection (Linked with the core skills of reflection) Stage 1: Description of the event Describe in detail the event you are reflecting on. Include e.g. where were you; who else was there; why were you there; what were you doing; what were other people doing; what was the context of the event; what happened; what was your part in this; what parts did the other people play; what was the result. Stage 2: Feelings and Thoughts (Self awareness) At this stage, try to recall and explore those things that were going on inside your head. Include: How you were feeling when the event started? What you were thinking about at the time? How did it make you feel? How did other people make you feel? How did you feel about the outcome of the event? What do you think about it now? Stage 3: Evaluation Try to evaluate or make a judgement about what has happened. Consider what was good about the experience and what was bad about the experience or what did or didnt go so well Stage 4: Analysis Break the event down into its component parts so they can be explored separately. You may need to ask more detailed questions about the answers to the last stage. Include: What went well? What did you do well? What did others do well? What went wrong or did not turn out how it should have done? In what way did you or others contribute to this? Stage 5: Conclusion (Synthesis) This differs from the evaluation stage in that now you have explored the issue from different angles and have a lot of information to base your judgement. It is here that you are likely to develop insight into you own and other peoples behaviour in terms of how they contributed to the outcome of the event. Remember the purpose of reflection is to learn from an experience. Without detailed analysis and honest exploration that occurs during all the previous stages, it is unlikely that all aspects of the event will be taken into account and therefore valuable opportunities for learning can be missed. During this stage you should ask yourself what you could have done differently. Stage 6: Action Plan During this stage you should think yourself forward into encountering the event again and to plan what you would do would you act differently or would you be likely to do the same? Here the cycle is tentatively completed and suggests that should the event occur again it will be the focus of another reflective cycle Gibbs model incorporates all the core skills of reflection. Arguably it is focused on reflection on action, but with practice it could be used to focus on reflection in and before action. Bortons` (1970) Framework Guiding Reflective Activities What? So What? Now what? This is the descriptionand self awarenesslevel and all questions start with the word what This is the level of analysisand evaluation when we look deeper at what was behind the experience. This is the level of synthesis.Here we build on the previous levels these questions to enable us to consider alternative courses of action and choose what we are going to do next. Examples What happened? What did I do? What did other do? What was I trying to achieve? What was good or bad about the experiences Examples So what is the importance of this? So what more do I need to know about this? So what have I learnt about this Examples Now what could I do? Now what do I need to do? Now what might I do? Now what might be the consequences of this action? Bortons model incorporates all the core skills of reflection. Arguably it is focused on reflection on action, but with practice it could be used to focus on reflection in and before action. Johns Model of Structured Refection Chris Johns (1994; 1995) model arose from his work in the Burford Nursing Development Unit in the early 1990s. He envisaged this model as being used within a process of guided reflection. His focus was about uncovering and making explicit the knowledge that we use in our practice. He adopted some earlier work by Carper (1978) who looked at ways of knowing in nursing. Ways of knowing Cues Aesthetics the art of what we do, our own experiences What was I trying to achieve? Why did I respond as I did? What were the consequences of that for the patient? Others? Myself? How was this person (people) feeling? How did I Know this? Personal self awareness How did I feel in this situation? What internal factors were influencing me? Ethics moral knowledge How did my actions match my beliefs? What factors made me act in an incongruent way? Empirics scientific What knowledge did or should have informed me? The framework uses five cue questions which are then divided into more focuses to promote detailed reflection. Cue Questions 1. Description of the experience Phenomenon describe the here and now experience Casual what essential factors contributed to this experience? Context what are the significant background factors to this experience? Clarifying what are the key processes for reflection in this experience? 2. Reflection What was I trying to achieve? Why did I intervene as I did? What were the consequences of my actions for: Myself? The patient / family? The people I work with? How did I feel about this experience when it was happening? How did the patient feel about it? How do I know how the patient felt about it? 3. Influencing factors What internal factors influenced my decision making? What external factors influenced my decision making? What sources of knowledge did / should have influenced my decision making? 4. Evaluation: Could I have dealt with the situation better? What other choices did I have? What would be the consequences of these choices? 5. Learning How do I now feel about this experience? How have I made sense of this experience in light of past experiences and future practice? How has this experience changed my ways of knowing Empirics scientific Ethics moral knowledge Personal self awareness Aesthetics the art of what we do, our own experiences Smyths Framework for Reflection on Action Activity Cues Describe What did I do? Inform (Analysis) What does this mean? Confront (Self awareness) How did I come to be like this? Reconstruct (Evaluation and Synthesis) What do my practices say about my assumptions, values and beliefs? Where did these ideas come from? What social practices are expressed in these ideas? What is it that causes me to maintain my theories What views of power do they embody? Whose interests seem to be served by my practices? What is it that acts to constrain my views of what is possible in my practice? We can see with a number of models they go through, some, or all of the following phases. Descriptive phase Reflective phase Emancipator phase Processes Description of practice events Reflective analysis against espoused theories Critique of practice regarding conflicts distortions and inconsistencies Examination of descriptions for genuiness and comprehensiveness Reflective analysis of the situations Reflective analysis of intentions Engagement in emancipatory change process Products Descriptive accounts/narrative Knowledge about practice processes and applications Learning and change in practice Self awareness Self critique and emancipation Phases in critical reflective inquiry Kim 1999

American Agricultural Family History

The Family in History as we would hear perhaps from old folks who are still living in some rural areas is a picture of husband and wife and kids living simply outside urban area. According to Arlene Skolnick, â€Å"throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, well over 90 percent of the American family lived in small rural communities† (Skolnick 79) and every one is busy as all members of the family work be it in the farm, or in a shop, or maybe in the home.In Skolnick’s comparative study of the families then and now, she only noticed slight difference and this is in terms of size of family members. She noted that a â€Å"typical house hold in the 1790 included about 5. 6 members compared to about 3. 5 today† (Skolnick 79). During this period, married women were usually home maker specially those who belong to middle class family, but poor married young women and widows worked in the factories. Mara Dunleavy noted that during the early 1800s adult female role include the responsibility to have children and to care for them.She also had to take care of the house under her husband’s supervision. Also, she is expected by her husband in farm or garden labor. The husband on the other hand is responsible for the financial needs of the family. During this period, most men had farm or were working as farm laborers or what ever skill that got them employed. The husbands were also responsible to support and defend his family, and are expected to be strong, independent and reliable. They were to work in the field and to market his farm product.The married women role of running the household and to care for children were indeed a full time job as it also includes cleaning the house, preparing and cooking the foods, bottling and canning the produce of the farm, and provides for all the need of the husband and the children as well. Children had also their own role. They were taught these roles at their young age particularly how to farm for the boys an d how they could provide for in their families in the future. Children were also sent to school and were taught the basic academic subject as higher education was available during this time.Girls on the other hand, were taught the household chores and some basic education, but higher educations were not available for women until 1837. Dunleavy pointed out that even when higher education were opened for women in 1837 but it only offered limited degree not enough to provide them career alternatives, rather they were taught how to be a good wives and mothers. Arlene Skolnick pointed out that â€Å"differences between the American family in colonial times and today are not at all stark; the similarities are striking† (Skolnick 79).But these similarities could maybe only apply in the social climate of both periods. Indeed there is a striking contrasts in the roles those men, women and children that they are now doing and the roles that family members had assumed during the colonia l times. How Have Things Change Skolnick noted that during the civil war period American attitudes toward the family had profoundly changed. The reason for this is the gradual transformation of America into an urban, industrial society during the early decade of the 19th century.Skolnick further noted that in 1820, â€Å"less than eight percent of the population lived in cities but by 1860 it rose to twenty percent and by 1900, that figure had doubled. But the benefit of industrialization did not immediately affect the structure of the family† (Skolnick 80) However, there was a decline in the size of the family though most of the social condition remained about the same. But the industrialization had a lasting effect on the family as the whole members don’t have to work as independent workers. Men can work in the offices and factories while wives concentrate in the house to take care of the children now going to school.Mara Dunleavy contends that during the twentieth c entury, women’s role gradually moved into male dominated labor force and the home became a meeting place mainly for the family to gather together. According to Clarence Roberts, during the industrial revolution period men worked too far from their home and were usually tucked away in offices or factories (Roberts). Men became the bread winner to a great extent of the family while women left in charge of the children and the home. Roberts pointed out that this was thought to have helped destroy the equalitarian position of women in the family.During this period too, Roberts noted that children could now help earn for their families as they could work in factories even with out the approval of their elders. Roberts further noted that home training and instruction was now replace by formal education in public school and work in the factories. Dunleavy pointed out in his article published on line entitled â€Å"How Changing Sex Roles Have Affected the Family Unity in the United Stated,† that during the World War II there was a large shortage of men. Because of this shortage, women took the vacancies as men were sent abroad to join the war.Women took active roles in the male dominated work traditionally. Since then, women’s roles broaden and some began making careers outside of their homes for themselves. Since then up to now, more changes had taken place although children still work but authorities see to it that it would not hinder their education, thus making work schedule only on Saturdays. How Have They Remained the Same? There is no doubt that everything about the family life had changed to a great extent. The traditional family had also changed and even affected by this change because of the women’s quest for equality with men.Many things reflect great changes in the family life since the 1800s. Perhaps the only thing that has not significantly change is the social climate which still features almost the same social condition. Ear ly premarital pregnancies, abortion, marrying age, premarital sex, and divorce were just some of the issues of the past that still ring in the present society. It was in this area that Arlene Skolnick noted that there was striking similarities between the families of the past and the families of the present. Why do you Think that something have Changed Over time?There were indeed some things that had changed over time in the lives of the families in history. One of these things is, with the rise of industrialization men went to urban cities to seek for work in factories or offices for their families. Their farm lives were suddenly left behind, and the duties of the wives had changed from equally working with men in the farm to just manage the home and to take care of their children. This change went over time that women found themselves already in the situation, before they realize their utter dependence on their husband.The reason for this is nothing else than economic. Men sees th e opportunity for economic advancement which their farm lives could hardly provide. Family relationships particularly extended families have changed over time as every one had the opportunity to work. The once conjugal work of the disappeared and was replace by men as bread winner of the family. Children too have had experienced changed over time as they were now income earners too. All these changes were hue mainly to the economic opportunity bought by the advent of industrialization and the men’s desire to improve their family lives.Work Cited Dunleavy, Mara. â€Å"How Changing Sex Roles Have Affected the Family Unit in the United States. † Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute. http://www. yale. edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1982/6/82. 06. 09. x. html Roberts, Clarence Jr. â€Å"The Changing Family: How Changes in the Family Reflect Social and Economic Changes in Society. † Yale-New Haven teachers Institute. Vol. 4, 2007 http://www. yale. edu/ynhti/curriculum/guides /1990/4/90. 04. 08. x. html Skolnick, Arlene. â€Å"The Paradox of Perfection†(given file)

Knight of Faith vs Overman

For my final research paper, I have chosen to compare and contrast Friedrich Nietzsche’s overman with Soren Kierkegaard’s knight of faith As if a coroner were standing over a body, holding a cold hand in one and looking at his chain watch in the other, I hear Nietzsche say: God is dead. God remains dead. And we have killed him. How shall we comfort ourselves, the murderers of all murderers? What was holiest and mightiest of all that the world has yet owned has bled to death under our knives: who will wipe this blood off us? What water is there for us to clean ourselves? What festivals of atonement, what sacred games shall we have to invent? Is not the greatness of this deed too great for us? Must we ourselves not become gods simply to appear worthy of it? – Nietzsche, the Gay Science, Section 125 As if conversing with Nietzsche I hear the response of Kierkegaard to be, God will never die, only faith in Him can, and has died, in you Nietzsche. To which Kierkegaard would add, but that’s only my perspective. Kierkegaard and Nietzsche each have views that respond to the issue of faith and the life lived by the individual. Kierkegaard’s view is called the knight of faith and Nietzsche’s called overman. The knight of faith is an individual who has placed complete faith in himself and in God. Kierkegaard argues that the knight of faith is the paradox, is the individual, absolutely nothing but the individual, without connections or pretensions. The knight of faith is the individual who is able to gracefully embrace life. Most people live dejectedly in worldly sorrow and joy; they are the ones who sit along the wall and do not join in the dance. The knights of infinity are dancers and possess elevation. They make the movements upward, and fall down again; and this too is no mean pastime, nor ungraceful to behold. But whenever they fall down they are not able at once to assume the posture, they vacillate an instant, and this vacillation shows that after all they are strangers in the world. This is more or less strikingly evident in proportion to the art they possess, but even the most artistic knights cannot altogether conceal this vacillation. One need not look at them when they are up in the air, but only the instant they touch or have touched the ground–then one recognizes them. But to be able to fall down in such a way that the same second it looks as if one were standing and walking, to transform the leap of life into a walk, absolutely to express the sublime in the pedestrian–that only the knight of faith can do–and this is the one and only prodigy. – Soren Kierkegaard, Fear and Trembling, Nietzsche’s overman can be described as; overman has his own self, both his higher and lower natures, neither repressed. He has this, his world, to which he is faithful. He has the love of this life, in this world, without the illusions that this world is inferior. And he has his reflective mind that reinforces these ideas. I believe that Nietzsche would claim his perspective to better because his claim focuses on this world, the one known to exist, whereas Kierkegaard’s claim implies a next life. Nietzsche would argue that Kierkegaard’s claim has two assumptions, 1) that there may or may not be an after life, and 2) that it is superior to this life. I like Nietzsche’s view of overman; overman is strength incarnate, reveling in the beauties of this life while satisfying his desires, both worldly and not. But it begs me to ask the question, as long as the anticipation of the next life doesn't interfere with the enjoyment of this one, can an overman not love this life and carry this love so far to greatly anticipate the next life as possibly even more beautiful than this one? I would further like to challenge Nietzsche on the topic of morals, and his overman. Since there is no objective truth, there are no objective morals or values. One becomes free to create their own and this is precisely what overman does. Overman has his own set of morals and values. Unless the morals one lives by here on earth are different than those they live by in Heaven, I don't see a problem. And even then I don't see a problem, unless one desires Heaven with its values inferior to their own. If one enjoys the way they live here and Heaven takes those enjoyments and morals away, why would one desire to live in Heaven at all? Nietzsche professes that God is dead, meaning the very idea of God's salvation is no longer held in the world's belief. If this is so, then doesn't it imply that having religious faith is indeed a subjective act, if not the highest possible subjective act? The fewer people who truly believe only means that the objective uncertainty is greater. Since objective uncertainty is at a maximum, so too must be the will to believe and the passion by which to believe. If this does not require also the maximum amount of courage, I don't know what does. I also like Kierkegaard’s view, but his view as well again begs me to ask questions. Kierkegaard’s knight of faith is self sacrificing. Christianity's absurdity makes it harder to have faith than to not. It almost seems that faith is a response to the fear of being wrong about the afterlife. Better to believe in just case than not believe and burn for it. The very degree of doubt makes belief seem desperate. But strong God fearing people should not feel such apprehension for the next life. Now don't get me wrong, they shouldn't depend on the next life for salvation. They shouldn't even depend on the existence of the next life, for there may be none. But if so, one isn't even disappointed if the next life doesn't exist since this life gives them all the happiness they desire. The despair that, Kierkegaard speaks of, needn't exist if he grant the premise that God desires ones happiness in this life, and if he grant the human race the possibility of achieving this happiness, independent of the next and possible nonexistent life. Subjectivism says that it matters more how one believes than it does what or why we do. So if one believes fervently that one can be happy here, what God would impose that such subjectivity is wrong, that one can only be happy independently of this world? Nietzsche’s overman has this courageous independence, but why can't a knight of faith also have it? I think that both Nietzsche and Kierkegaard have valid points. The overman's worship of this world, a world made beautiful by God Himself, is justified. It's courageous to find happiness in a meaningless world. The knight of faith's authentic anticipation of the next is equally justified as long as such faith doesn't interfere with living an authentic life while here on earth. The overman is not inferior to the knight of faith and the knight of faith is not inferior to the overman. They are both authentic, subjective existing individuals, living life the fullest way they know how, both courageous in their own ways. They are both equally superior in courage to all the slave moralists, master moralists and mock Christians of the world. And while I live here on earth, neither the overman nor the knight of faith can discredit the other, since there may or may not be an afterlife. The lacking evidence of an afterlife doesn't suggest there isn't one. Where would be the challenge in believing in something I know to exist? Likewise the very notion of Christianity defying common logic tempts me to doubt the faith it is so hard for me to have.